A bunion is a painful bump over the first toe -- where the toe meets the rest of the foot.

In most cases, degenerative arthritis (also called osteoarthritis) causes the bony bump. If this bump is rubbed by wearing tight shoes, a callous may form over the bump, increasing its size. Frequently, the first toe bends toward the other toes. This condition is called "hallux valgus."

Risk factors for bunions include:

• Genetic factors - bunions (and osteoarthritis) may run in families
• Wearing high heels or other shoes that are too narrow
• Flat feet (also called pes planus)

Treatment includes pain relievers (such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen), a change in shoes to reduce rubbing the bunion, and orthotics (shoe inserts).

For symptoms that do not respond to these treatments, an operation (called bunionectomy) may be recommended. The surgeon removes excess bone and the first toe is straightened out if necessary.

Surgery is the only sure way to correct the problem. This surgery is highly successful, but the usual risks of surgery exist, such as infection, so talk to your doctor about all your treatment options.