West Nile virus is sickening people far earlier this summer than usual, and is spreading so quickly - it's hit 34 states, as far west as South Dakota - that health officials believe it will reach California this year or next.
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July 31, 2002
By Alice Chang, M.D.
Harvard Medical School
How does this article relate to me?
As you hear reports of West Nile virus, don't be scared — be prepared. The number of cases is small enough that you shouldn't hit the panic button. But you should limit your contact with mosquitoes by eliminating areas around your home where mosquitoes breed and staying indoors during the mosquito hours, dawn and dusk.
In addition, using mosquito repellants that specifically have DEET is another essential form of outdoor protection. In fact, you can get sunscreen and DEET protection against mosquitoes in some combination products.
Most severe cases of West Nile encephalitis affect people over the age of 50. In general, encephalitis is more common among babies or young children, the elderly and people with weakened immune systems from HIV, cancer, or immune-suppressing drugs such as prednisone or transplant drugs.
What changes do I need to make?
Along with the precautions against mosquitoes discussed in this article, learn the signs of encephalitis. Encephalitis is an inflammation of the actual brain tissue, whereas meningitis is inflammation of the lining around the brain. When the brain is affected, your thoughts, behavior and level of consciousness are changed. Encephalitis may begin with symptoms similar to meningitis: headache, stiff neck and light sensitivity, along with fever.
A spinal tap can diagnose meningitis or encephalitis. If you or a family member develops any of these symptoms, seek immediate medical evaluation:
- Neurological problems — weakness, inability to speak or move an arm or leg
- Unusual behavior or personality change
- Lethargy
- Confusion
What can I expect in the future?
As the summer progresses to early fall, you will hear more reports of West Nile virus. Keep cool and simply remember to take the precautions discussed in this article. If many cases are reported in an area, public health departments may decide to spray pesticides in mosquito breeding grounds. Vaccines are under development, but none is in the testing stage yet.
Related Areas
Encephalitis
